DEPLOY Taxonomy · as of 2026-09-27 04:55 UTC

Neoclouds

A neocloud is a GPU-first cloud whose product is AI compute, rented to third parties, independent of the hyperscalers, running dedicated AI data-center capacity. This is DEPLOY’s definition, the operator classes it sits against, and the global roster we track. The physical campuses these operators run are in the data-center registry.

106

Neoclouds tracked

106

With verified record

Regions

Coverage targets

What counts as a neocloud

A neocloud IS

GPU / AI-accelerator-first: compute is the product, not incidental to another business.
Rents that compute to third parties (not solely for its own workloads).
Independent of the hyperscalers (not AWS / Azure / Google Cloud / Oracle).
Operates or contracts dedicated AI data-center capacity (a real physical footprint).

A neocloud is NOT

Hyperscalers (general cloud at scale; AI is one product of many).
Pure colocation / REITs (sell space + power, not compute).
Enterprise self-builders that do not rent (xAI, Meta, Tesla for own use).
AI labs that do not resell compute, and brokers/aggregators with no capacity of their own.

The operator classes

Where the neocloud sits in the AI-compute landscape. The borders are the taxonomy.

Neocloud

GPU-first cloud whose product IS AI compute, rented to third parties, independent of the hyperscalers. CoreWeave, Lambda, Crusoe.

Hyperscaler

General-purpose cloud at global scale where AI compute is one product among many. AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, Oracle.

Colocation

Sells space, power, and cooling, not compute. The building, not the GPUs. Equinix, Digital Realty.

Enterprise self-build

Builds AI compute for its own use, not to rent. xAI Colossus, Meta, Tesla Dojo.

Sovereign program

Nation-backed AI-compute programs; often neocloud-shaped but state-directed. G42/Core42, HUMAIN.

The roster

The neoclouds DEPLOY tracks, by region. Names in color link to a verified company record; the rest are coverage targets we are building out. Notes are positioning, not verified metrics.

North America

CoreWeaveUnited States
The reference neocloud; NVIDIA-anchored GPU cloud with a large owned/leased campus footprint.
LambdaUnited States
GPU cloud and workstation maker turned large-scale AI-training cloud.
CrusoeUnited States
Energy-first AI cloud; builds compute at stranded/low-carbon power sites.
Together AIUnited States
Training + inference cloud built around open models.
Voltage ParkUnited States
Nonprofit-backed H100 cloud offering on-demand and reserved capacity.
Vast.aiUnited States
GPU marketplace aggregating third-party supply; borderline on the capacity test.
FluidstackUnited States
AI-training cloud contracting large GPU clusters for labs and enterprises.
Denvr DataworksCanada
AI-focused cloud with owned data-center capacity in North America.
TensorWaveUnited States
AMD-Instinct-based AI cloud, a rare non-NVIDIA neocloud.
Cirrascale Cloud ServicesUnited States
Long-running dedicated GPU/AI cloud offering bare-metal accelerator infrastructure.
RunPodUnited States
Developer-focused GPU cloud renting NVIDIA and AMD accelerators by the second; a Secure Cloud in partner data centers plus a Community Cloud marketplace.
IRENAustralia / United States
NASDAQ-listed renewable-powered operator scaling an NVIDIA GPU cloud from a bitcoin-mining base; anchored by a large Microsoft AI-cloud contract.
ChronoScaleUnited States
GPU cloud spun out of Applied Digital in 2026 (Nasdaq: CHRN, ~96% Applied Digital-owned); the rentable-compute successor after Applied Digital became a data-center landlord.
WhiteFiberUnited States
Nasdaq-listed (WYFI) GPU cloud, Bit Digital-majority; rents NVIDIA H200/B200/GB200 from US + Montreal data centers.
Hypertec CloudCanada
Canadian GPU cloud (5C Group) renting NVIDIA clusters and AI-factory capacity from its own North American footprint.
Massed ComputeUnited States
On-demand and bare-metal NVIDIA GPU cloud on its own Tier-III US infrastructure; NVIDIA Preferred Partner.
FoundryUnited States
Operates its own NVIDIA H100/A100 clusters in Tier-3/4 data centers; reserved + spot with an idle-capacity resale layer.
SF ComputeUnited States
Order-book GPU market run on H100 clusters it operates itself, with its own virtualization/bare-metal stack.
ionstreamUnited States
Owns and operates bare-metal NVIDIA + AMD GPU servers in a Tier-4 Texas data center (Gravity stack).
Hot AisleUnited States
AMD-first bare-metal GPU cloud owning its own Instinct MI300X/MI355X cluster; a rare non-NVIDIA neocloud.
Highrise AIUnited States · conglomerate unit
Hut 8's GPUaaS arm running a 1,000-GPU NVIDIA H100 cluster in Chicago; pivoted from bitcoin mining.
BUZZ HPCCanada · conglomerate unit
HIVE Digital's sovereign AI-cloud subsidiary renting NVIDIA GB200/B200/H200/H100 clusters from Quebec/NB/BC data centers.
Digi Power X (NeoCloudz)United States
Nasdaq-listed (DGXX) NeoCloudz GPUaaS on NVIDIA B200/B300 bare-metal from its own Alabama data center; live May 2026.
CorvexUnited States
US confidential-computing GPU cloud renting NVIDIA H200/HGX B200 as dedicated liquid-cooled clusters; US federal customers.

Europe

NebiusNetherlands
Full-stack AI cloud (ex-Yandex lineage) with owned European GPU capacity.
NscaleUnited Kingdom
Vertically integrated AI cloud building sustainable GPU capacity in Europe.
Northern DataGermany
HPC/AI cloud operator pivoting from crypto infrastructure to GPU compute.
ScalewayFrance
Iliad-group cloud with a dedicated AI/GPU supercomputer offering.
SesterceFrance
European GPU cloud building sustainable large-scale AI-compute capacity.
NexGen Cloud (Hyperstack)United Kingdom
London GPU cloud renting NVIDIA H100/H200/Blackwell via its on-demand Hyperstack platform and reserved AI Supercloud; NVIDIA Elite Cloud Partner.
Verda (DataCrunch)Finland
Helsinki neocloud (rebranded from DataCrunch in 2025) renting NVIDIA GPUs from renewable-powered Nordic data centers; NVIDIA Preferred Partner.
OriUnited Kingdom
London GPU cloud renting NVIDIA H100/H200 on-demand and as private clusters via EdgeConneX and Centersquare capacity.
CivoUnited Kingdom
UK cloud-native GPU provider (NVIDIA A100/H100/H200/B200) as bare metal and managed Kubernetes; sovereign, price-competitive.
GcoreLuxembourg
GPU cloud (bare-metal + VMs) on NVIDIA H100/H200 with InfiniBand across sovereign European AI regions.
SeewebItaly
Italian GPU-as-a-service (NVIDIA + AMD MI300X) from its own renewable-powered Milan/Frosinone data centers.
Mistral ComputeFrance
Mistral AI's sovereign compute platform on ~18,000 NVIDIA GPUs and an own ~44 MW Paris data center; enterprise clients incl. BNP Paribas, Orange.
CUDO ComputeUnited Kingdom
UK operator running dedicated single-tenant NVIDIA GPU clusters across UK/EU/NA/MENA facilities; NVIDIA Preferred Partner.
LyceumGermany
EU-sovereign GPU cloud (NVIDIA B200) from its own Berlin and Zurich data centers, with sovereign zones in Denmark and France.
GPU SolutionsSpain
Sovereign Spanish GPU cloud renting full/fractional NVIDIA HGX B200 with InfiniBand from a Tier-III Madrid data center.
NebulNetherlands
Dutch neocloud running the largest NVIDIA SuperCluster in the Benelux (H100/H200/B200/B300) from its own European data centers.
Impossible CloudGermany
German bare-metal GPU cloud renting NVIDIA H100/H200/B200/B300 nodes (1-128-node clusters) from its own ISO-certified EU data centers.
PolariseGermany
European AI neocloud and NVIDIA Cloud Partner on NVIDIA Blackwell (B300 live in Oslo) from its own Oslo and Munich AI Factory data centers.
SwissGPUSwitzerland
Swiss bare-metal GPU cloud (operator LongLink SAGL) renting its own NVIDIA GPU servers per-minute for Swiss data sovereignty.

Asia

Yotta Data ServicesIndia
Hiranandani-group AI cloud; among India's first large NVIDIA GPU deployments.
Sify TechnologiesIndia · conglomerate unit
Data-center and cloud operator building GPU-as-a-service capacity in India.
KrutrimIndia
Ola-backed AI company operating its own GPU cloud for Indian model training.
Jio (Reliance)India · conglomerate unit
Telco building nation-scale AI compute; neocloud-adjacent within a conglomerate.
GMI CloudTaiwan
NVIDIA-partner GPU cloud serving APAC AI workloads.
Sustainable Metal CloudSingapore
Immersion-cooled GPU cloud targeting efficient AI compute in SE Asia.
FPT Smart CloudVietnam · conglomerate unit
FPT-group AI factory / GPU cloud, an NVIDIA partner in Vietnam.
Sakura InternetJapan
Japanese cloud host scaling a government-supported GPU cloud.
E2E NetworksIndia
NSE/BSE-listed Indian GPU cloud running large NVIDIA H200/B200 clusters and the TIR platform; Larsen & Toubro is a strategic investor.
YTL AI CloudMalaysia · conglomerate unit
YTL Power's NVIDIA-built GPU cloud at the Kulai, Johor green data-center park; runs Blackwell for Malaysian sovereign AI.
Nxera (Singtel)Singapore · conglomerate unit
Singtel's regional data-center and GPU-cloud arm (RE:AI); NVIDIA-based AI cloud with a Johor (Nxera Johor) campus.
Tata CommunicationsIndia · conglomerate unit
Tata Communications' Vayu NVIDIA GPU cloud; a GPU-first product line within a diversified telecom operator.
NeysaIndia
GPU cloud renting NVIDIA H100/L40S on-demand via its Velocis platform; large Hyderabad AI data-center build.
NxtGenIndia
Sovereign Indian GPU cloud (SpeedCloud AI); IndiaAI-Mission empanelled compute provider.
CyfutureIndia
GPU-as-a-service on NVIDIA H100/H200/A100 from own Tier III+ data centers; IndiaAI empanelled.
AceCloudIndia
GPU-first Indian cloud renting NVIDIA GPUs on-demand with INR billing, positioned against the hyperscalers.
CtrlSIndia
GPU Private Cloud renting bare-metal NVIDIA clusters across its Rated-4 data centers; IndiaAI empanelled.
Pi DatacentersIndia
Pi Cloud GPU-as-a-service (NVIDIA A100/H100) from an own Tier-4 facility in Amaravati.
ESDSIndia
Sovereign GPU-as-a-service on NVIDIA Blackwell and AMD Instinct SuperPODs from own Indian data centers.
Ishan TechnologiesIndia
IndiaAI-Mission-empanelled provider offering 1,000+ GPUs on-demand from own Gujarat data centers.
NeevCloudIndia
Indian "AI Supercloud" renting NVIDIA H100/H200/B200/B300 clusters from a central-India data center.
CapitalonlineChina
SZSE-listed independent Chinese GPU cloud and AI data-center operator renting bare-metal GPU and clusters.
GMO GPU CloudJapan
GMO Internet's GPU cloud on NVIDIA H200/B300; TOP500-ranked cluster, Sakana AI a customer.
HighresoJapan
Operator of GPUSOROBAN, a large Japanese GPU cloud on NVIDIA H200/B200; METI-supported.
RUTILEAJapan
Kyoto AI cloud renting on-demand NVIDIA H100 from own Fukushima/Kyoto data centers.
UbitusJapan
Tokyo GPU-cloud operator building NVIDIA Blackwell capacity; METI grant + UTokyo IPC backing.
KT CloudSouth Korea · conglomerate unit
KT's GPU-first cloud (Hyperscale AI Computing) plus NPU-as-a-Service on Rebellions chips.
SK Telecom GPUaaSSouth Korea · conglomerate unit
SKT's Petasus GPU-as-a-service on 1,000+ NVIDIA B200 at its Gasan AI data center.
Siam AIThailand
Thailand's NVIDIA Cloud Partner renting H100/H200/GB200 on-demand; ~100 MW sovereign AI DC build.
LintasartaIndonesia · conglomerate unit
Indosat's ICT arm; Deka GPU / GPU Merdeka on NVIDIA H100, Indonesia's first NVIDIA Cloud Partner.
GreenNodeVietnam
VNG's AI-cloud unit running ~1,024 NVIDIA H100 across Vietnam and a Bangkok hyperscale AI DC.
ePLDTPhilippines · conglomerate unit
PLDT's GPU-as-a-service (NVIDIA H100/H200) from the VITRO Sta. Rosa hyperscale data center.
ViettelVietnam · conglomerate unit
Viettel's AI-cloud pillar (vCGPU) on current-gen NVIDIA H200/DGX B200; dedicated AI DC build.
Freedom HoldingKazakhstan · sovereign adjacent
NASDAQ-listed operator building a ~100 MW NVIDIA Sovereign AI Hub + Freedom Cloud compute leasing.
UzCloudUzbekistan · sovereign adjacent
Uzbektelecom's national sovereign cloud with live NVIDIA DGX B200 GPU-as-a-service.
Bitdeer AI CloudSingapore
Nasdaq-listed (BTDR) GPU cloud, pivoted from bitcoin mining, renting NVIDIA H100/H200/GB200/GB300 from its own US AI data centers.
LanyunChina
Independent Chinese GPU intelligent-compute cloud (MetaGen) renting self-built NVIDIA + domestic GPU clusters; New Third Board-listed.
SenseCoreChina · conglomerate unit
SenseTime's AI-infrastructure cloud running its own AIDC (reported 54,000+ GPUs); rents training/inference compute externally.
KDDIJapan · conglomerate unit
KDDI GPU Cloud on NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 at its own Osaka Sakai AI data center; METI-subsidized.
Preferred NetworksJapan
Preferred Computing Platform, a public accelerator cloud on its own MN-Core chips and NVIDIA GPUs from the NRT12 data center.
SoftBank AI CloudJapan · conglomerate unit
SoftBank's neocloud on NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 (Infrinia AI Cloud OS); beta live, GA announced October 2026; METI-subsidized.
NTT DATAJapan · conglomerate unit
NTT group GPUaaS on NVIDIA DGX B200 / DGX SuperPOD, delivered as dedicated capacity from its own data centers.
UbilinkTaiwan
Taiwanese H100 SuperPOD (~1,024 GPUs) on 100% renewable power, renting GPU-hours publicly; Foxlink/Ubitus/Shinfox JV.
Taiwan AI CloudTaiwan
ASUS subsidiary (TWSC) renting Taiwania and NVIDIA H100/AFS-POD compute pay-as-you-go since 2019.
L&T VyomaIndia · conglomerate unit
Larsen & Toubro's sovereign AI cloud renting NVIDIA H100/H200/B200 GPUaaS from its own Navi Mumbai and Chennai data centers.
Neutra ComputeIndonesia · sovereign adjacent
NeutraDC's (Telkom Indonesia) GPUaaS on NVIDIA + AMD accelerators from its Cikarage Tier III/IV hyperscale data center.
Data Vault PakistanPakistan · sovereign adjacent
Pakistan's first locally hosted sovereign AI cloud; NVIDIA GPUaaS from a solar-powered Karachi AI factory (with Telenor).
Alem.CloudKazakhstan · sovereign adjacent
Kazakhstan's national supercomputer (512 NVIDIA H200, TOP500 #86) renting compute to third parties via a self-service portal.
AutoDLChina
One of China's largest developer-facing GPU rental clouds (operator Shitopu Cloud, Nanjing), renting its own multi-node NVIDIA and domestic GPU clusters.
Lingjing CloudChina
Chinese intelligent-compute cloud (Cloud Factory Technology) operating its own purchased GPU/NPU capacity incl. a ~5,000-card Wuxi center.

Middle East

Core42 (G42)United Arab Emirates · sovereign adjacent
G42's AI-cloud arm; neocloud-shaped but state-linked.
HUMAINSaudi Arabia · sovereign adjacent
PIF-backed national AI-compute champion; neocloud-shaped, sovereign-directed.
OoredooQatar · sovereign adjacent
Qatari telecom running sovereign GPU-as-a-service (Syntys, Zankore JV) on NVIDIA Hopper/H200; NVIDIA Cloud Partner.
Oman Data ParkOman · sovereign adjacent
Runs Nebula AI, Oman's first GPU-as-a-service (NVIDIA DGX); an NVIDIA Partner Network Cloud Service Provider.
duUnited Arab Emirates · sovereign adjacent
UAE telecom (EITC) renting NVIDIA GPU-as-a-service from its own Tier III data centers; du + NextGenAI supercluster.
SCCC by stcSaudi Arabia · sovereign adjacent
stc Group's cloud arm running an enterprise AI cloud on NVIDIA L20/H20 clusters in Riyadh with in-Kingdom residency.
Türk TelekomTurkey · sovereign adjacent
Turkish operator renting virtual GPU instances and dedicated NVIDIA GPU servers from its own Turkish data centers.

Africa

Cassava TechnologiesSouth Africa · sovereign adjacent
Pan-African group and Africa's first NVIDIA Cloud Partner; GPU-as-a-service from its own AI-factory capacity, scaling across Africa.
Servernah CloudKenya
Atlancis Technologies' NVIDIA GPU AI-as-a-service, East and Central Africa's first GPU-powered AI factory, hosted in Nairobi.

Oceania

Sharon AIAustralia · sovereign adjacent
Australian GPU cloud (NVIDIA H200 + AMD MI300X) colocated at Equinix Sydney and NEXTDC Melbourne; scaling toward 40,000 GB300.
ResetDataAustralia · sovereign adjacent
Runs AI-F1, a Melbourne sovereign public AI factory on 1,024 liquid-cooled NVIDIA H200; Centuria-backed.
ASI SolutionsNew Zealand
New Zealand GPU-as-a-service on its own NVIDIA H100/H200/L40S fleet in CDC NZ data centers, with full local data residency.

Latin America

Latitude.shBrazil
Brazilian bare-metal and GPU cloud (Megaport) renting NVIDIA H100/GH200/A100 across ~24 Latin American locations; dedicated capacity at Scala SP2.

The campuses these operators run, ranked by capacity, are in the data-center registry. This taxonomy is DEPLOY’s; coverage status is stated honestly and fills in as records are verified.