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Its long-term vision extends to lunar and Martian construction.","status":"private","founded":2024,"hq":"Austin, Texas, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/07/14/terrafirma-construction-tech-spacex.html","label":"SpaceX alumni building remote-controlled construction equipment land $115 million fund round","title":"SpaceX alumni building remote-controlled construction equipment land $115 million fund round","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260714397606/en/TerraFirma-Raises-%24115M-to-Accelerate-Construction-on-Earth-and-Beyond","label":"TerraFirma Raises $115M to Accelerate Construction on Earth and Beyond","title":"TerraFirma Raises $115M to Accelerate Construction on Earth and Beyond","sourceName":"BusinessWire"},{"url":"https://terrafirma.inc/","label":"TerraFirma — Homepage","title":"TerraFirma — Homepage","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TerraFirma (official)"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"CEO","value":"Noah Schochet (ex-SpaceX Starlink/Starship)"},{"label":"CTO","value":"Noah McGuinness (ex-SpaceX Starshield)"},{"label":"Founders","value":"Noah Schochet and Noah McGuinness — Princeton engineering classmates, met on first day of class"},{"label":"Funding","value":"$115M total ($100M Series A led by Kleiner Perkins, July 2026)"},{"label":"Employees","value":"Plans to hire 300 employees over next year (company-reported)"},{"label":"Product","value":"Full-stack platform: AI pre-construction software + remote command center + retrofitted semi-autonomous heavy equipment (excavators, dozers, loaders, rollers, skid steers)"},{"label":"Operator interface","value":"Xbox controllers for remote operation of heavy equipment"},{"label":"Deployments","value":"Commercial projects: Starbucks (North Austin), sports arena (Spicewood TX), power substation (New Braunfels TX); also US government international infrastructure projects"},{"label":"Financial stage","value":"Growth — Series A funded, expanding engineering and manufacturing teams"},{"label":"Engineering pedigree","value":"~50% of engineering team previously worked at SpaceX, Tesla, or the Boring Company"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://mms.businesswire.com/media/20260714397606/en/2851045/5/TF_PRImage_02_(1).jpg (source: BusinessWire press kit)"}],"aliases":["TerraFirma Inc"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T19:58:29.215Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:04:25.119Z"}},"location":{"id":"9c0849d4-5852-422a-b499-c505b11fb9f6","name":"North Austin, Texas, USA","slug":"north-austin-texas-usa","kind":"city","parentLocationId":null,"region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T21:05:43.798Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T23:12:09.146Z"},"operator":null},{"id":"5a5e3a36-7c7d-4e76-867d-68f51f4c4968","modelId":"70b32388-5ca1-4d3a-9b83-38412e1d77f8","versionId":null,"locationId":"9896daab-1b22-4c6b-afe1-a6533ee2e0a5","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"anyverse-k15-envision-france","status":"pilot","firstSeen":"2026-07-14T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://equalocean.com/news/2026071422024-anyverse-dynamics-begins-european-deliveries-k15-embodied-intelligence-robot","mediaType":"article","publishedAt":"2026-07-14"}],"notes":"First K15 robots shipped to Europe and expected to be deployed at Envision Energy's factory in France. Part of a CNY 500M+ deployment and joint development agreement signed earlier in 2026 covering markets in Europe and Asia. K15 obtained comprehensive industrial CE certification.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"Envision Energy"},{"label":"Agreement value","value":">CNY 500 million (company-reported)"},{"label":"Certification","value":"CE certified for industrial applications"}],"reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T19:09:08.118Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:21.431Z","model":{"id":"70b32388-5ca1-4d3a-9b83-38412e1d77f8","companyId":"ed944437-caf8-4277-a1f3-f2e0c7acbf0d","modelName":"Anyverse K15","slug":"anyverse-k15","description":"General-purpose wheeled semi-humanoid robot designed for dexterous operation across industrial manufacturing and commercial service scenarios.","formFactor":"humanoid","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/ev/chinese-humanoid-robots-enter-european-new-energy-vehicle-manufacturing-facilities-2075593705955053569","title":"Gasgoo Auto News: Anyverse K15 in EV plants","sourceName":"Gasgoo Auto News: Anyverse K15 in EV plants"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[],"createdAt":"2026-07-14T07:46:06.980Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T22:55:30.647Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"ed944437-caf8-4277-a1f3-f2e0c7acbf0d","name":"Anyverse Dynamics","slug":"anyverse-dynamics","description":"Anyverse Dynamics (无界动力) is a Beijing-based embodied-AI startup founded in 2025 by ex-[Horizon Robotics](https://www.horizon.cc) VP Zhang Yufeng. The company builds general-purpose humanoid robots powered by its proprietary MWA™ Embodied General Brain, which uses a Latent Space World Model + Reinforcement Learning approach rather than the industry-standard VLA architecture. Its second-generation [Anyverse K15](/models/anyverse-k15) dual-arm mobile robot has entered mass production and begun deliveries to European industrial customers including Envision Energy and ZF LIFETEC.","status":null,"founded":2025,"hq":"Beijing, China","fundingTotal":"200000000","type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-06-26/anyverse-dynamics-raises-over-200-million-as-chinas-robotics-funding-boom-accelerates-102458149.html","label":"Anyverse Dynamics Raises Over $200 Million as China's Robotics Funding Boom Accelerates","title":"Anyverse Dynamics Raises Over $200 Million as China's Robotics Funding Boom Accelerates","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Caixin Global"},{"url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-anyverse-dynamics-closes-angel-round-of-financing-2022678335623008256","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-anyverse-dynamics-closes-over-200-million-angel-funding-round-2070507246659096576","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://equalocean.com/news/2026071422024-anyverse-dynamics-begins-european-deliveries-k15-embodied-intelligence-robot","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://pandaily.com/ex-horizon-robotics-vp-zhang-yufeng-s-boundless-power-secures-300-m-rmb-angel-funding-for-robot-universal-brain","mediaType":"article"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"CEO","value":"Zhang Yufeng"},{"label":"CTO","value":"Xu Wenda"},{"label":"Funding","value":">$200M angel (Jun 2026); ~$200M Pre-A nearing close; ~300M RMB angel (Nov 2025); total ~800M RMB"},{"label":"Financial stage","value":"Early — VC-backed, heavy R&D investment phase"},{"label":"Global orders","value":"~$100M global order pipeline (company-reported)"},{"label":"Key partnership","value":"Envision Energy — CNY 500M+ deployment & joint development agreement"},{"label":"Certification","value":"K15 obtained comprehensive industrial CE certification (world-first claim per company)"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T07:46:04.647Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T19:08:34.281Z"}},"location":{"id":"9896daab-1b22-4c6b-afe1-a6533ee2e0a5","name":"Envision Energy Factory, France","slug":"envision-energy-factory-france","kind":"site","parentLocationId":null,"region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T19:09:06.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T23:12:09.146Z"},"operator":null},{"id":"3de0b2cf-4aac-4ef9-866c-e6017973c4ee","modelId":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","versionId":null,"locationId":"9e01a0bf-415b-443f-ae90-80e4afe8eea4","operatorId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","ownerId":null,"slug":"tesla-robotaxi-houston-texas-usa","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2026-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://tech-insider.org/tesla-robotaxi-dallas-houston-unsupervised-launch-2026/","title":"Tesla Robotaxi Dallas Houston Launch: 573 Vehicles, 12% Stock Surge","sourceName":"Tech Insider","publishedAt":"2026-04-19"}],"notes":"Tesla launched its first fully unsupervised robotaxi service in Houston on April 18, 2026, with no human driver behind the wheel. The Houston geofence covers approximately 25 square miles. This is part of Tesla seven-city robotaxi expansion plan for 2026.","keyFacts":[{"label":"First fully unsupervised launch","value":"Yes (Apr 18, 2026)"},{"label":"Geofence size","value":"~25 sq mi"},{"label":"Vehicle type","value":"Modified Model Y (FSD)"}],"reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T15:05:37.873Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:21.431Z","model":{"id":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","companyId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","modelName":"Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)","slug":"tesla-robotaxi","description":"Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle, a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged. In Austin, some vehicles operate unsupervised (no in-car safety monitor); in the Bay Area, a safety driver is present as required by California law. A teleoperator can remotely assist/pilot a vehicle at speeds under 10 mph for repositioning. Tesla's purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Cybercab, intended as the dedicated robotaxi vehicle at scale, was expected to begin production around April 2026 (not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026). Maturity: pilot (early commercial service under heavy supervision and scrutiny; not yet at-scale).","formFactor":"av","industryVertical":"passenger_transport","environment":"road","maturityStage":"pilot","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"autonomy_level":"unsupervised in Austin, safety driver present in Bay Area"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking — ~20 unsupervised US-wide (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston); Bay Area ~9 active; peaked Dec 2025–Jan 2026 (May 26 2026)","sourceName":"Electrek"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"},{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","title":"Tesla — robotaxi (We, Robot)","sourceName":"Tesla (official)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Robotaxi","Tesla Model Y robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Operating speed","value":"under 10 mph for teleoperator remote assist"},{"label":"Production target","value":"around April 2026 for Cybercab"},{"label":"Autonomy level","value":"unsupervised in Austin, safety driver present in Bay Area"}],"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:16.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T04:24:54.914Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":1000,"unitsInFieldVerified":1000,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","unitsSource":[{"url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-california-robotaxi-registered-vehicles-drivers-2025-12","label":"Tesla 'Robotaxi' Fleet Jumps to Over 1,000 Registered Vehicles"},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/DZBbunKAnFX/","label":"Tesla runs 42"},{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-rolls-out-robotaxi-service-miami-2026-07-03/","label":"Tesla expanded its unsupervised robotaxi service to Miami"}],"salesModel":"not_sold","priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":"supervised","autonomyStatement":"We're bringing autonomous rides to you today—starting with Model Y. Autonomous Robotaxi rides are currently being offered in Miami, Florida, and Austin, Texas","autonomyStatementSource":{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/robotaxi","date":"2026-07-03"},"demoForensics":{"notes":"Tesla's robotaxi is now operating in Austin and Miami. The YouTube video shows a real unsupervised ride with no driver or safety monitor. This is a genuine deployment, not just a demo. However, Tesla's \"Full Self-Driving\" has a complex honesty profile: (1) Tesla's own disclaimer says FSD \"may do the wrong thing at the wrong time\" and requires supervision; (2) the robotaxi service uses Model Y vehicles, not the purpose-built Cybercab; (3) Tesla briefly put drivers back behind the wheel after incidents before removing them again; (4) Reddit users report the robotaxi is cautious and slow. The gap: Tesla is operating driverless rides (verified), but the scope is limited to specific cities and the system is less mature than Waymo's. Tesla calls it \"autonomous\" while the underlying FSD software explicitly requires driver supervision in consumer vehicles — the robotaxi configuration removes the driver but the software is the same. This is a real deployment but with more caveats than Waymo.","videoUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbPo4rt9vAM","singleTake":"yes","environment":"live_site","speedAltered":"no","autonomyClaimed":"yes","autonomyCorroborated":"partial"},"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","name":"Tesla","slug":"tesla","description":"Electric-vehicle and AI company (NASDAQ: TSLA), founded 2003 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, with a physical-AI program spanning three robotics fronts: a [robotaxi ride-hailing service](/models/tesla-robotaxi), the [Optimus](/models/tesla-optimus) humanoid robot, and the forthcoming purpose-built [Cybercab](/models/tesla-cybercab).\n\nRobotaxi: Tesla launched robotaxi service in Austin in July 2025 and operates in two markets as of mid-2026: Austin (unsupervised L4 driverless; small active fleet of ~14, of ~42 vehicles registered with the Texas DMV, late May 2026) and the San Francisco Bay Area (supervised L2 under a CPUC TCP permit; ~1,655 vehicles registered with CPUC but only ~9 active as of late May 2026, down from a ~168 peak in January 2026). The active US unsupervised fleet is ~20 (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston) and has declined since a late-2025 / early-2026 peak; registered counts far exceed the active operating fleet. The vehicles are 2026 Model Y cars running Tesla's [Full Self-Driving / Autonomous Driving System](/brains/tesla-fsd-bot). At its Q4 2025 earnings call (January 2026), Tesla announced plans to expand to seven additional US cities (Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) in H1 2026; Dallas and Houston launched in April 2026, while the other five (Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) slipped to 'preparations underway'. The Austin operation carries a [federally-mandated crash-reporting record](/incidents/tesla-robotaxi-austin-nhtsa-crash-record-2025-2026) (17 NHTSA-reported incidents July 2025 to March 2026, including two teleoperator-caused crashes; zero major crashes and no citations per Austin PD), and NHTSA has separately inquired into videos of erratic driving.\n\nOptimus: Tesla's humanoid robot, with Gen 3 mass production commencing at the Fremont factory on January 21, 2026. Notably, at the January 2026 earnings call [Musk](/people/elon-musk) admitted that as of then zero Optimus robots were doing 'useful work' in Tesla's factories. Units at Fremont and Giga Texas are in a supervised learning and data-collection phase, not yet performing productive autonomous manufacturing work. Tesla committed $20B+ in 2026 capex toward Optimus, plans to convert its Fremont Model S/X lines to Optimus manufacturing (toward a stated 1-million-unit/year capacity by end-2026), and is constructing a dedicated Giga Texas facility, all production-capacity ambitions, with first productive internal deployment projected for late 2026 to 2027.\n\nCybercab: a purpose-built, steering-wheel-free dedicated robotaxi vehicle, with production expected to begin around April 2026, not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026.\n\nTesla's physical-AI program operates under intense regulatory and public scrutiny, and is notable for the gap between its publicly stated targets and demonstrated results.","status":"public","founded":2003,"hq":"Austin, Texas, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","label":"Tesla — Optimus","title":"Tesla — Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Tesla","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","label":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"1d8de986-2997-4108-846b-fa0e891bbaca","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","title":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21T22:15:00.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-14-crashes-nhtsa/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","title":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2026-02-17"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/15/tesla-reveals-two-robotaxi-crashes-involving-teleoperators/","label":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","title":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-15"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/","label":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","title":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","label":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-05-26"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","title":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-18"},{"id":"9f27242c-8a18-4866-8859-e23d7692abd6","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/waymo-dominates-texas-autonomous-vehicle-registrations-as-tesla-trails-behind/","label":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","title":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-29T00:14:35.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued","title":"CPUC — passenger-transportation / AV program permits. Tesla holds a TCP (charter-party) permit for the CA Bay Area ride-hailing service; ~1,655 vehicles registered per CPUC TCP filings (reported late May 2026).","sourceName":"California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Company","value":"Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA); founded 2003; CEO Elon Musk"},{"label":"Robotics Division","value":"Tesla Optimus humanoid robot program (announced 2021 AI Day); led by Milan Kovac (VP Engineering)"},{"label":"Optimus Claims","value":"Claimed: 5'8\" height, 125 lbs, 2 mph walking speed, 150 lbs lifting capacity, $20K target price. Verifiable: public demos 2022-2024 showing slow walking, basic object manipulation; no independent verification of production readiness"},{"label":"Autonomy Transfer","value":"FSD (Full Self-Driving) neural network and Dojo supercomputer training intended for robotics transfer; Ashok Elluswamy leads software stack"},{"label":"Patents","value":"3 USPTO robotics patents (humanoid design, linear actuator, tendon-driven hand) under Tesla assignee; broader automotive autonomy patent portfolio"},{"label":"Manufacturing","value":"Optimus manufacturing intended for Tesla Gigafactory Austin; 2024 claims of production line for training data collection"},{"label":"VVC Note","value":"Tesla Optimus claims are heavily marketing-inflated vs verifiable capability; timeline promises (2022 production, 2023 useful tasks) have not materialized; honest-absence on production scale"},{"label":"Optimus production timeline","value":"Slow ramp starting late July/Aug 2026 at Fremont; Gen 3 reveal pushed to mid-2026 (per Musk Jul 1, 2026)"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Latest_Tesla_Optimus_Humanoid_Robot.jpg (source: Wikimedia Commons, license: CC BY 2.0)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Inc","Tesla Motors"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:17.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:56:41.890Z"}},"location":{"id":"9e01a0bf-415b-443f-ae90-80e4afe8eea4","name":"Houston, Texas, USA","slug":"houston-texas-usa","kind":"city","parentLocationId":"aa8b9c05-c836-4021-801f-59801970401e","region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-06T04:59:20.331Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T23:12:09.146Z"},"operator":{"id":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","name":"Tesla","slug":"tesla","description":"Electric-vehicle and AI company (NASDAQ: TSLA), founded 2003 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, with a physical-AI program spanning three robotics fronts: a [robotaxi ride-hailing service](/models/tesla-robotaxi), the [Optimus](/models/tesla-optimus) humanoid robot, and the forthcoming purpose-built [Cybercab](/models/tesla-cybercab).\n\nRobotaxi: Tesla launched robotaxi service in Austin in July 2025 and operates in two markets as of mid-2026: Austin (unsupervised L4 driverless; small active fleet of ~14, of ~42 vehicles registered with the Texas DMV, late May 2026) and the San Francisco Bay Area (supervised L2 under a CPUC TCP permit; ~1,655 vehicles registered with CPUC but only ~9 active as of late May 2026, down from a ~168 peak in January 2026). The active US unsupervised fleet is ~20 (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston) and has declined since a late-2025 / early-2026 peak; registered counts far exceed the active operating fleet. The vehicles are 2026 Model Y cars running Tesla's [Full Self-Driving / Autonomous Driving System](/brains/tesla-fsd-bot). At its Q4 2025 earnings call (January 2026), Tesla announced plans to expand to seven additional US cities (Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) in H1 2026; Dallas and Houston launched in April 2026, while the other five (Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) slipped to 'preparations underway'. The Austin operation carries a [federally-mandated crash-reporting record](/incidents/tesla-robotaxi-austin-nhtsa-crash-record-2025-2026) (17 NHTSA-reported incidents July 2025 to March 2026, including two teleoperator-caused crashes; zero major crashes and no citations per Austin PD), and NHTSA has separately inquired into videos of erratic driving.\n\nOptimus: Tesla's humanoid robot, with Gen 3 mass production commencing at the Fremont factory on January 21, 2026. Notably, at the January 2026 earnings call [Musk](/people/elon-musk) admitted that as of then zero Optimus robots were doing 'useful work' in Tesla's factories. Units at Fremont and Giga Texas are in a supervised learning and data-collection phase, not yet performing productive autonomous manufacturing work. Tesla committed $20B+ in 2026 capex toward Optimus, plans to convert its Fremont Model S/X lines to Optimus manufacturing (toward a stated 1-million-unit/year capacity by end-2026), and is constructing a dedicated Giga Texas facility, all production-capacity ambitions, with first productive internal deployment projected for late 2026 to 2027.\n\nCybercab: a purpose-built, steering-wheel-free dedicated robotaxi vehicle, with production expected to begin around April 2026, not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026.\n\nTesla's physical-AI program operates under intense regulatory and public scrutiny, and is notable for the gap between its publicly stated targets and demonstrated results.","status":"public","founded":2003,"hq":"Austin, Texas, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","label":"Tesla — Optimus","title":"Tesla — Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Tesla","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","label":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"1d8de986-2997-4108-846b-fa0e891bbaca","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","title":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21T22:15:00.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-14-crashes-nhtsa/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","title":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2026-02-17"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/15/tesla-reveals-two-robotaxi-crashes-involving-teleoperators/","label":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","title":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-15"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/","label":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","title":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","label":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-05-26"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","title":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-18"},{"id":"9f27242c-8a18-4866-8859-e23d7692abd6","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/waymo-dominates-texas-autonomous-vehicle-registrations-as-tesla-trails-behind/","label":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","title":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-29T00:14:35.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued","title":"CPUC — passenger-transportation / AV program permits. Tesla holds a TCP (charter-party) permit for the CA Bay Area ride-hailing service; ~1,655 vehicles registered per CPUC TCP filings (reported late May 2026).","sourceName":"California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Company","value":"Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA); founded 2003; CEO Elon Musk"},{"label":"Robotics Division","value":"Tesla Optimus humanoid robot program (announced 2021 AI Day); led by Milan Kovac (VP Engineering)"},{"label":"Optimus Claims","value":"Claimed: 5'8\" height, 125 lbs, 2 mph walking speed, 150 lbs lifting capacity, $20K target price. Verifiable: public demos 2022-2024 showing slow walking, basic object manipulation; no independent verification of production readiness"},{"label":"Autonomy Transfer","value":"FSD (Full Self-Driving) neural network and Dojo supercomputer training intended for robotics transfer; Ashok Elluswamy leads software stack"},{"label":"Patents","value":"3 USPTO robotics patents (humanoid design, linear actuator, tendon-driven hand) under Tesla assignee; broader automotive autonomy patent portfolio"},{"label":"Manufacturing","value":"Optimus manufacturing intended for Tesla Gigafactory Austin; 2024 claims of production line for training data collection"},{"label":"VVC Note","value":"Tesla Optimus claims are heavily marketing-inflated vs verifiable capability; timeline promises (2022 production, 2023 useful tasks) have not materialized; honest-absence on production scale"},{"label":"Optimus production timeline","value":"Slow ramp starting late July/Aug 2026 at Fremont; Gen 3 reveal pushed to mid-2026 (per Musk Jul 1, 2026)"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Latest_Tesla_Optimus_Humanoid_Robot.jpg (source: Wikimedia Commons, license: CC BY 2.0)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Inc","Tesla Motors"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:17.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:56:41.890Z"}},{"id":"3e418165-dd71-48bb-8dbf-373ad99b160e","modelId":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","versionId":null,"locationId":"e893b606-fc1c-475a-8aac-a77664adcf2a","operatorId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","ownerId":null,"slug":"tesla-robotaxi-dallas-texas-usa","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2026-04-18T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://tech-insider.org/tesla-robotaxi-dallas-houston-unsupervised-launch-2026/","title":"Tesla Robotaxi Dallas Houston Launch: 573 Vehicles, 12% Stock Surge","sourceName":"Tech Insider","publishedAt":"2026-04-19"}],"notes":"Tesla launched its first fully unsupervised robotaxi service in Dallas on April 18, 2026, with no human driver behind the wheel. The Dallas geofence is ~25 sq mi. This marks the most aggressive AV expansion in Tesla history, putting Tesla in direct competition with Waymo.","keyFacts":[{"label":"First fully unsupervised launch","value":"Yes (Apr 18, 2026)"},{"label":"Geofence size","value":"~25 sq mi"},{"label":"Vehicle type","value":"Modified Model Y (FSD)"}],"reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T15:05:35.987Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:21.431Z","model":{"id":"29951756-3e69-44e2-bc13-aa01909c0098","companyId":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","modelName":"Tesla Robotaxi (Model Y ADS)","slug":"tesla-robotaxi","description":"Tesla's robotaxi service vehicle, a 2026 Model Y operating with Tesla's Autonomous Driving System (ADS, based on Full Self-Driving) engaged. In Austin, some vehicles operate unsupervised (no in-car safety monitor); in the Bay Area, a safety driver is present as required by California law. A teleoperator can remotely assist/pilot a vehicle at speeds under 10 mph for repositioning. Tesla's purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Cybercab, intended as the dedicated robotaxi vehicle at scale, was expected to begin production around April 2026 (not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026). Maturity: pilot (early commercial service under heavy supervision and scrutiny; not yet at-scale).","formFactor":"av","industryVertical":"passenger_transport","environment":"road","maturityStage":"pilot","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"autonomy_level":"unsupervised in Austin, safety driver present in Bay Area"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking — ~20 unsupervised US-wide (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston); Bay Area ~9 active; peaked Dec 2025–Jan 2026 (May 26 2026)","sourceName":"Electrek"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"},{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","title":"Tesla — robotaxi (We, Robot)","sourceName":"Tesla (official)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Robotaxi","Tesla Model Y robotaxi"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Operating speed","value":"under 10 mph for teleoperator remote assist"},{"label":"Production target","value":"around April 2026 for Cybercab"},{"label":"Autonomy level","value":"unsupervised in Austin, safety driver present in Bay Area"}],"createdAt":"2026-05-26T17:23:16.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T04:24:54.914Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":1000,"unitsInFieldVerified":1000,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z","unitsSource":[{"url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-california-robotaxi-registered-vehicles-drivers-2025-12","label":"Tesla 'Robotaxi' Fleet Jumps to Over 1,000 Registered Vehicles"},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/DZBbunKAnFX/","label":"Tesla runs 42"},{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/tesla-rolls-out-robotaxi-service-miami-2026-07-03/","label":"Tesla expanded its unsupervised robotaxi service to Miami"}],"salesModel":"not_sold","priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":"supervised","autonomyStatement":"We're bringing autonomous rides to you today—starting with Model Y. Autonomous Robotaxi rides are currently being offered in Miami, Florida, and Austin, Texas","autonomyStatementSource":{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/robotaxi","date":"2026-07-03"},"demoForensics":{"notes":"Tesla's robotaxi is now operating in Austin and Miami. The YouTube video shows a real unsupervised ride with no driver or safety monitor. This is a genuine deployment, not just a demo. However, Tesla's \"Full Self-Driving\" has a complex honesty profile: (1) Tesla's own disclaimer says FSD \"may do the wrong thing at the wrong time\" and requires supervision; (2) the robotaxi service uses Model Y vehicles, not the purpose-built Cybercab; (3) Tesla briefly put drivers back behind the wheel after incidents before removing them again; (4) Reddit users report the robotaxi is cautious and slow. The gap: Tesla is operating driverless rides (verified), but the scope is limited to specific cities and the system is less mature than Waymo's. Tesla calls it \"autonomous\" while the underlying FSD software explicitly requires driver supervision in consumer vehicles — the robotaxi configuration removes the driver but the software is the same. This is a real deployment but with more caveats than Waymo.","videoUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbPo4rt9vAM","singleTake":"yes","environment":"live_site","speedAltered":"no","autonomyClaimed":"yes","autonomyCorroborated":"partial"},"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","name":"Tesla","slug":"tesla","description":"Electric-vehicle and AI company (NASDAQ: TSLA), founded 2003 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, with a physical-AI program spanning three robotics fronts: a [robotaxi ride-hailing service](/models/tesla-robotaxi), the [Optimus](/models/tesla-optimus) humanoid robot, and the forthcoming purpose-built [Cybercab](/models/tesla-cybercab).\n\nRobotaxi: Tesla launched robotaxi service in Austin in July 2025 and operates in two markets as of mid-2026: Austin (unsupervised L4 driverless; small active fleet of ~14, of ~42 vehicles registered with the Texas DMV, late May 2026) and the San Francisco Bay Area (supervised L2 under a CPUC TCP permit; ~1,655 vehicles registered with CPUC but only ~9 active as of late May 2026, down from a ~168 peak in January 2026). The active US unsupervised fleet is ~20 (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston) and has declined since a late-2025 / early-2026 peak; registered counts far exceed the active operating fleet. The vehicles are 2026 Model Y cars running Tesla's [Full Self-Driving / Autonomous Driving System](/brains/tesla-fsd-bot). At its Q4 2025 earnings call (January 2026), Tesla announced plans to expand to seven additional US cities (Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) in H1 2026; Dallas and Houston launched in April 2026, while the other five (Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) slipped to 'preparations underway'. The Austin operation carries a [federally-mandated crash-reporting record](/incidents/tesla-robotaxi-austin-nhtsa-crash-record-2025-2026) (17 NHTSA-reported incidents July 2025 to March 2026, including two teleoperator-caused crashes; zero major crashes and no citations per Austin PD), and NHTSA has separately inquired into videos of erratic driving.\n\nOptimus: Tesla's humanoid robot, with Gen 3 mass production commencing at the Fremont factory on January 21, 2026. Notably, at the January 2026 earnings call [Musk](/people/elon-musk) admitted that as of then zero Optimus robots were doing 'useful work' in Tesla's factories. Units at Fremont and Giga Texas are in a supervised learning and data-collection phase, not yet performing productive autonomous manufacturing work. Tesla committed $20B+ in 2026 capex toward Optimus, plans to convert its Fremont Model S/X lines to Optimus manufacturing (toward a stated 1-million-unit/year capacity by end-2026), and is constructing a dedicated Giga Texas facility, all production-capacity ambitions, with first productive internal deployment projected for late 2026 to 2027.\n\nCybercab: a purpose-built, steering-wheel-free dedicated robotaxi vehicle, with production expected to begin around April 2026, not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026.\n\nTesla's physical-AI program operates under intense regulatory and public scrutiny, and is notable for the gap between its publicly stated targets and demonstrated results.","status":"public","founded":2003,"hq":"Austin, Texas, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","label":"Tesla — Optimus","title":"Tesla — Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Tesla","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","label":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"1d8de986-2997-4108-846b-fa0e891bbaca","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","title":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21T22:15:00.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-14-crashes-nhtsa/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","title":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2026-02-17"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/15/tesla-reveals-two-robotaxi-crashes-involving-teleoperators/","label":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","title":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-15"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/","label":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","title":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","label":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-05-26"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","title":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-18"},{"id":"9f27242c-8a18-4866-8859-e23d7692abd6","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/waymo-dominates-texas-autonomous-vehicle-registrations-as-tesla-trails-behind/","label":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","title":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-29T00:14:35.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued","title":"CPUC — passenger-transportation / AV program permits. Tesla holds a TCP (charter-party) permit for the CA Bay Area ride-hailing service; ~1,655 vehicles registered per CPUC TCP filings (reported late May 2026).","sourceName":"California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Company","value":"Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA); founded 2003; CEO Elon Musk"},{"label":"Robotics Division","value":"Tesla Optimus humanoid robot program (announced 2021 AI Day); led by Milan Kovac (VP Engineering)"},{"label":"Optimus Claims","value":"Claimed: 5'8\" height, 125 lbs, 2 mph walking speed, 150 lbs lifting capacity, $20K target price. Verifiable: public demos 2022-2024 showing slow walking, basic object manipulation; no independent verification of production readiness"},{"label":"Autonomy Transfer","value":"FSD (Full Self-Driving) neural network and Dojo supercomputer training intended for robotics transfer; Ashok Elluswamy leads software stack"},{"label":"Patents","value":"3 USPTO robotics patents (humanoid design, linear actuator, tendon-driven hand) under Tesla assignee; broader automotive autonomy patent portfolio"},{"label":"Manufacturing","value":"Optimus manufacturing intended for Tesla Gigafactory Austin; 2024 claims of production line for training data collection"},{"label":"VVC Note","value":"Tesla Optimus claims are heavily marketing-inflated vs verifiable capability; timeline promises (2022 production, 2023 useful tasks) have not materialized; honest-absence on production scale"},{"label":"Optimus production timeline","value":"Slow ramp starting late July/Aug 2026 at Fremont; Gen 3 reveal pushed to mid-2026 (per Musk Jul 1, 2026)"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Latest_Tesla_Optimus_Humanoid_Robot.jpg (source: Wikimedia Commons, license: CC BY 2.0)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Inc","Tesla Motors"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:17.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:56:41.890Z"}},"location":{"id":"e893b606-fc1c-475a-8aac-a77664adcf2a","name":"Dallas, Texas, USA","slug":"dallas-texas-usa","kind":"city","parentLocationId":"aa8b9c05-c836-4021-801f-59801970401e","region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-06T04:59:15.733Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T23:12:09.146Z"},"operator":{"id":"bde7c8a1-5d35-449d-93b0-2ac8e4601c16","name":"Tesla","slug":"tesla","description":"Electric-vehicle and AI company (NASDAQ: TSLA), founded 2003 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, with a physical-AI program spanning three robotics fronts: a [robotaxi ride-hailing service](/models/tesla-robotaxi), the [Optimus](/models/tesla-optimus) humanoid robot, and the forthcoming purpose-built [Cybercab](/models/tesla-cybercab).\n\nRobotaxi: Tesla launched robotaxi service in Austin in July 2025 and operates in two markets as of mid-2026: Austin (unsupervised L4 driverless; small active fleet of ~14, of ~42 vehicles registered with the Texas DMV, late May 2026) and the San Francisco Bay Area (supervised L2 under a CPUC TCP permit; ~1,655 vehicles registered with CPUC but only ~9 active as of late May 2026, down from a ~168 peak in January 2026). The active US unsupervised fleet is ~20 (14 Austin / 3 Dallas / 3 Houston) and has declined since a late-2025 / early-2026 peak; registered counts far exceed the active operating fleet. The vehicles are 2026 Model Y cars running Tesla's [Full Self-Driving / Autonomous Driving System](/brains/tesla-fsd-bot). At its Q4 2025 earnings call (January 2026), Tesla announced plans to expand to seven additional US cities (Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) in H1 2026; Dallas and Houston launched in April 2026, while the other five (Phoenix, Miami, Orlando, Tampa, Las Vegas) slipped to 'preparations underway'. The Austin operation carries a [federally-mandated crash-reporting record](/incidents/tesla-robotaxi-austin-nhtsa-crash-record-2025-2026) (17 NHTSA-reported incidents July 2025 to March 2026, including two teleoperator-caused crashes; zero major crashes and no citations per Austin PD), and NHTSA has separately inquired into videos of erratic driving.\n\nOptimus: Tesla's humanoid robot, with Gen 3 mass production commencing at the Fremont factory on January 21, 2026. Notably, at the January 2026 earnings call [Musk](/people/elon-musk) admitted that as of then zero Optimus robots were doing 'useful work' in Tesla's factories. Units at Fremont and Giga Texas are in a supervised learning and data-collection phase, not yet performing productive autonomous manufacturing work. Tesla committed $20B+ in 2026 capex toward Optimus, plans to convert its Fremont Model S/X lines to Optimus manufacturing (toward a stated 1-million-unit/year capacity by end-2026), and is constructing a dedicated Giga Texas facility, all production-capacity ambitions, with first productive internal deployment projected for late 2026 to 2027.\n\nCybercab: a purpose-built, steering-wheel-free dedicated robotaxi vehicle, with production expected to begin around April 2026, not yet the deployed service vehicle as of early 2026.\n\nTesla's physical-AI program operates under intense regulatory and public scrutiny, and is notable for the gap between its publicly stated targets and demonstrated results.","status":"public","founded":2003,"hq":"Austin, Texas, USA","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.tesla.com/we-robot","label":"Tesla — Optimus","title":"Tesla — Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Tesla","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)","label":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","title":"Optimus (robot) — Wikipedia","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Wikipedia","publishedAt":"2026-01-01"},{"id":"1d8de986-2997-4108-846b-fa0e891bbaca","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/waymo-halts-freeway-rides-after-robotaxis-struggle-in-construction-zones/","label":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","title":"Waymo halts freeway rides after robotaxis struggle in construction zones","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-21T22:15:00.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-14-crashes-nhtsa/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","title":"Tesla robotaxi Austin launch, expansion plans, NHTSA erratic-driving inquiry","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2026-02-17"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/15/tesla-reveals-two-robotaxi-crashes-involving-teleoperators/","label":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","title":"Tesla's two teleoperator-caused robotaxi crashes; 17 NHTSA incidents unredacted","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-15"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/22/tesla-optimus-production-fremont-model-sx-line/","label":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","title":"Musk admits zero Optimus doing useful work; Fremont Model S/X line conversion to Optimus","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-22"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/05/26/tesla-robotaxi-fleet-shrinking-not-growing/","label":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","title":"Tesla robotaxi active fleet shrinking (34 total/20 unsupervised, May 2026); safety bottleneck","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-05-26"},{"url":"https://electrek.co/2026/04/18/tesla-robotaxi-launches-dallas-houston-small-geofences/","label":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","title":"Tesla robotaxi Dallas/Houston launch; fleet ~80 Austin; transparency/redaction record","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Electrek","publishedAt":"2026-04-18"},{"id":"9f27242c-8a18-4866-8859-e23d7692abd6","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/28/waymo-dominates-texas-autonomous-vehicle-registrations-as-tesla-trails-behind/","label":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","title":"Waymo dominates autonomous vehicle registrations as Tesla trails behind","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Transportation & Auto News | TechCrunch","publishedAt":"2026-05-29T00:14:35.000Z"},{"url":"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued","title":"CPUC — passenger-transportation / AV program permits. Tesla holds a TCP (charter-party) permit for the CA Bay Area ride-hailing service; ~1,655 vehicles registered per CPUC TCP filings (reported late May 2026).","sourceName":"California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)"},{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-05-28/tesla-reveals-its-texas-robotaxi-fleet-is-dwarfed-by-waymo-s","title":"Tesla's Texas robotaxi fleet is 42 vehicles (official TX DMV registration), dwarfed by Waymo's (May 28 2026)","sourceName":"Bloomberg"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Company","value":"Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA); founded 2003; CEO Elon Musk"},{"label":"Robotics Division","value":"Tesla Optimus humanoid robot program (announced 2021 AI Day); led by Milan Kovac (VP Engineering)"},{"label":"Optimus Claims","value":"Claimed: 5'8\" height, 125 lbs, 2 mph walking speed, 150 lbs lifting capacity, $20K target price. Verifiable: public demos 2022-2024 showing slow walking, basic object manipulation; no independent verification of production readiness"},{"label":"Autonomy Transfer","value":"FSD (Full Self-Driving) neural network and Dojo supercomputer training intended for robotics transfer; Ashok Elluswamy leads software stack"},{"label":"Patents","value":"3 USPTO robotics patents (humanoid design, linear actuator, tendon-driven hand) under Tesla assignee; broader automotive autonomy patent portfolio"},{"label":"Manufacturing","value":"Optimus manufacturing intended for Tesla Gigafactory Austin; 2024 claims of production line for training data collection"},{"label":"VVC Note","value":"Tesla Optimus claims are heavily marketing-inflated vs verifiable capability; timeline promises (2022 production, 2023 useful tasks) have not materialized; honest-absence on production scale"},{"label":"Optimus production timeline","value":"Slow ramp starting late July/Aug 2026 at Fremont; Gen 3 reveal pushed to mid-2026 (per Musk Jul 1, 2026)"},{"label":"Hero image candidate","value":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Latest_Tesla_Optimus_Humanoid_Robot.jpg (source: Wikimedia Commons, license: CC BY 2.0)"}],"aliases":["Tesla Inc","Tesla Motors"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-25T17:24:17.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:56:41.890Z"}},{"id":"288b337a-8add-42c3-a453-fa7ecd0302d4","modelId":"12787906-6c0b-4a0e-b1fb-5276bf52b78d","versionId":null,"locationId":"a0e23b99-1a51-4f30-8487-36c78a903e57","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"cassie-productiv-richmond-va","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.massrobotics.org/tutor-intelligence-builds-data-factory-to-train-robot-ai-in-the-real-world/","mediaType":"article","publishedAt":"2026-05-06"}],"notes":"Cassie palletizing robot deployed at Productiv Inc. facility in Richmond, VA. Productiv assembles 30M kits/year for e-commerce, medical device, and cosmetics customers. Robot achieved 99.9% quality, helped ship 350K kits, and reduced SKU programming time from 5 days to 1. CFO Paul Baker confirmed $14/hr pricing was profitable from Day 1.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Customer","value":"Productiv Inc."},{"label":"Application","value":"Palletizing"},{"label":"Kit volume","value":"350,000 kits shipped"},{"label":"Quality","value":"99.9%"},{"label":"SKU programming time","value":"Reduced from 5 days to 1"}],"reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T11:08:15.148Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:21.431Z","model":{"id":"12787906-6c0b-4a0e-b1fb-5276bf52b78d","companyId":"1704b965-284c-4bb9-8e88-de6032cea280","modelName":"Cassie","slug":"cassie","description":"A single-armed mobile manipulator for case-picking and palletizing in warehouses. Cassie can be deployed in two days, handles boxes up to 50 lb (22.6 kg), and moves up to 14 cases per minute. It uses vision, lidar-informed safety zones, and ISO/TS 15066 compliance.","formFactor":"mobile","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.massrobotics.org/tutor-intelligence-builds-data-factory-to-train-robot-ai-in-the-real-world/","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://tutorintelligence.com/case-picking","mediaType":"article"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[],"createdAt":"2026-07-14T11:05:57.308Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:20.300Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"1704b965-284c-4bb9-8e88-de6032cea280","name":"Tutor Intelligence","slug":"tutor-intelligence","description":"Tutor Intelligence is an MIT CSAIL spinoff building AI-powered warehouse robot workers that handle case-picking, palletizing, and depalletizing operations. Its robots learn from real-world deployment data through a fleet-scale training flywheel, with remote human 'tutors' annotating edge cases. The company operates a robot-as-a-service model at 14-18 USD per hour and has deployed robots for Fortune 500 manufacturers and 3PL customers across North America.","status":null,"founded":2021,"hq":"Watertown, MA, USA","fundingTotal":"34000000","type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2025/12/01/tutor-intelligence-raises-34-million-series-a-to-scale-its-ai-powered-fleet-of-warehouse-robot-workers/25849/","label":"Tutor Intelligence Raises $34 Million Series A to Scale Its AI-Powered Fleet of Warehouse Robot Workers","title":"Tutor Intelligence Raises $34 Million Series A to Scale Its AI-Powered Fleet of Warehouse Robot Workers","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"Robotics Tomorrow"},{"url":"https://tutorintelligence.com/","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://www.massrobotics.org/tutor-intelligence-builds-data-factory-to-train-robot-ai-in-the-real-world/","mediaType":"article"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"CEO","value":"Josh Gruenstein"},{"label":"CTO","value":"Alon Kosowsky-Sachs"},{"label":"Total funding","value":"42M USD"},{"label":"Business model","value":"Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS)"},{"label":"Pricing","value":"14-18 USD per hour"},{"label":"Data Factory","value":"100 Sonny bimanual robots at DF1 in Watertown MA"},{"label":"Origin","value":"MIT CSAIL spinoff"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T07:47:22.202Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T11:06:43.873Z"}},"location":{"id":"a0e23b99-1a51-4f30-8487-36c78a903e57","name":"Richmond, Virginia, USA","slug":"richmond-virginia-usa","kind":"city","parentLocationId":null,"region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T11:08:12.362Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T23:12:09.146Z"},"operator":null},{"id":"96181aa1-ce95-46b6-bfde-f12718b69cbf","modelId":"12787906-6c0b-4a0e-b1fb-5276bf52b78d","versionId":null,"locationId":"1a576ee5-ce8f-44fa-8573-33161b437cf7","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"cassie-betterbody-foods-watertown-ma","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2025-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.massrobotics.org/tutor-intelligence-builds-data-factory-to-train-robot-ai-in-the-real-world/","mediaType":"article","publishedAt":"2026-05-06"}],"notes":"Cassie palletizing robot deployed at BetterBody Foods facility in Massachusetts. Customer confirmed rapid setup and effective palletizing of skewed pallets.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Customer","value":"BetterBody Foods"},{"label":"Application","value":"Palletizing"}],"reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). Ben-approved.","exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-14T11:08:14.375Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-14T21:33:21.431Z","model":{"id":"12787906-6c0b-4a0e-b1fb-5276bf52b78d","companyId":"1704b965-284c-4bb9-8e88-de6032cea280","modelName":"Cassie","slug":"cassie","description":"A single-armed mobile manipulator for case-picking and palletizing in warehouses. Cassie can be deployed in two days, handles boxes up to 50 lb (22.6 kg), and moves up to 14 cases per minute. It uses vision, lidar-informed safety zones, and ISO/TS 15066 compliance.","formFactor":"mobile","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.massrobotics.org/tutor-intelligence-builds-data-factory-to-train-robot-ai-in-the-real-world/","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://tutorintelligence.com/case-picking","mediaType":"article"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":"Reviewed 2026-07-14: source-gated bulk flip (non-empty sources[]). 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More recent conversions run Epiroc's LinkOA agnostic autonomy system, described as the world's largest fully OEM-agnostic autonomous haulage operation. Roy Hill (Hancock Iron Ore) is the mine operator.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"Roy Hill (Hancock Iron Ore)"},{"label":"Fleet converted","value":"78 haul trucks, fully driverless"},{"label":"Milestone","value":"October 2025; world's largest fully agnostic autonomous mine"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-12T19:23:01.026Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T19:26:28.744Z","model":{"id":"a383a55a-204f-4ce6-af9a-c519c79b531b","companyId":"307a8c7e-2b17-4bd2-b31a-aa1e17821749","modelName":"Epiroc Autonomous Haulage (LinkOA)","slug":"epiroc-autonomous-haulage-linkoa","description":"Epiroc's autonomous haulage offering, delivered with its ASI Mining subsidiary, converts mixed OEM haul-truck fleets to fully driverless operation. 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The fleet uses 90-tonne-class Cat 777 trucks. The solution reached its Go-Live milestone in November 2024 and had autonomously hauled 1 million tons within a matter of months. 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General contractor Webcor deployed the robot to tape, mud, and sand drywall to a Level 5 finish in several rooms, reporting an approximately 34 percent reduction in cycle time. Webcor is the general contractor; the City of Newark is the owner.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Site","value":"Newark Civic Center (about 73,000 sq ft), Newark, California"},{"label":"General contractor","value":"Webcor"},{"label":"Owner","value":"City of Newark"},{"label":"Task","value":"Taping, mudding, and sanding drywall to Level 5 finish"},{"label":"Result","value":"About 34 percent cycle-time reduction"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-12T15:08:35.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T15:21:05.586Z","model":{"id":"389caf0e-4e54-48b9-a93d-cc31fcda650c","companyId":"7df159f9-5b2d-4e3d-b268-65703f53ab87","modelName":"Canvas drywall-finishing robot","slug":"canvas-drywall-robot","description":"Canvas (San Francisco; founder and CEO Kevin Albert, formerly of Boston Dynamics; about $43M+ raised including a $24M round) makes a drywall-finishing robot: a Universal Robots UR10e collaborative arm mounted on a mobile base that applies and sands drywall compound to a finished wall surface, operated by a trained union carpenter. It has been deployed on commercial construction projects in the San Francisco Bay Area and is recorded at commercial maturity. An important correction worth recording: Canvas was acquired by JLG Industries (an Oshkosh Corporation company) around January 2026, in a core-technology and asset acquisition with undisclosed terms. This contradicts the originating dispatch's premise that Dusty Robotics acquired Canvas; two independent research passes confirm the acquirer is JLG/Oshkosh, not Dusty, and the two companies are unrelated. Operations continue under JLG/Oshkosh, so the lifecycle state is active.","formFactor":"construction","industryVertical":"construction","environment":"outdoor","maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"notes":[{"label":"Verified","value":"Canvas (San Francisco; founder/CEO Kevin Albert, ex-Boston Dynamics; ~$43M+ raised incl. $24M round) makes a drywall-finishing robot built on a Universal Robots UR10e collaborative arm on a mobile base, operated by union carpenters; deployed on commercial projects in the SF Bay Area. maturity=commercial."},{"label":"Correction (cross-graph M&A)","value":"Canvas was acquired by JLG Industries (an Oshkosh Corporation company) around Jan 2026 (core-technology/asset acquisition, terms undisclosed). The originating dispatch's premise that Dusty Robotics acquired Canvas is INCORRECT - two independent research passes confirm JLG/Oshkosh, not Dusty. lifecycleState=active (operations continue under JLG/Oshkosh)."}],"products":"Canvas drywall-finishing robot - a UR10e collaborative arm on a mobile base that applies and sands drywall compound to a finished wall surface, operated by a trained carpenter","formFactor":"construction (drywall-finishing / wall-finishing robot, cobot-arm on mobile base)"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.canvas.build/","title":"Canvas drywall-finishing robot (official)","sourceName":"Canvas (official)"},{"url":"https://www.therobotreport.com/canvas-raises-24m-automate-drywall-finishing/","title":"Canvas raises $24M to automate drywall finishing (UR10e cobot base; Kevin Albert ex-Boston Dynamics)","sourceName":"The Robot Report"},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/30/canvas-its-drywall-finishing-robot-and-its-vision-for-the-construction-industry/","title":"Canvas drywall-finishing robot + construction vision ($19M+ raised)","sourceName":"TechCrunch"},{"url":"https://www.constructiondive.com/news/oshkosh-jlg-acquires-construction-robotics-firm-canvas/","title":"JLG (Oshkosh) acquires Canvas (Jan 2026; core technology/assets)","sourceName":"Construction Dive"},{"url":"https://www.therobotreport.com/jlg-industries-acquires-drywall-finishing-robot-developer-canvas/","title":"JLG Industries acquires drywall-finishing robot developer Canvas","sourceName":"The Robot Report"},{"url":"https://www.constructionrobotics.build/","title":"Canvas product context: union-carpenter-operated drywall finishing in SF Bay Area","sourceName":"Canvas (official)"}],"aliases":["Canvas robot","Canvas drywall robot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Robot arm","value":"Universal Robots UR10e collaborative arm"},{"label":"Base","value":"mobile base"},{"label":"Funding raised","value":"~$43M+ including a $24M round"},{"label":"Maturity","value":"commercial"},{"label":"Acquirer","value":"JLG Industries (Oshkosh Corporation)"},{"label":"Acquisition date","value":"around January 2026"}],"createdAt":"2026-06-03T17:39:15.118Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T04:24:55.379Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"7df159f9-5b2d-4e3d-b268-65703f53ab87","name":"Canvas","slug":"canvas","description":"Canvas is a construction robotics company developing robotic drywall finishing systems for commercial construction projects. 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The portable Apis Cor printer was moved around the site by crane and printed the structure on location. Dubai Municipality commissioned and owns the building; Apis Cor was the printing contractor.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Site","value":"Dubai Municipality administrative building, Dubai, UAE"},{"label":"Owner","value":"Dubai Municipality"},{"label":"Scale","value":"About 640 square meters, two stories, about 9.5 meters tall"},{"label":"Distinction","value":"Described as the world's largest 3D-printed building at completion"},{"label":"Method","value":"Portable printer repositioned around the site by crane"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-12T15:08:33.701Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T15:21:05.182Z","model":{"id":"9f1c6ca6-c378-4065-a6d3-aa6827aeb98c","companyId":"3407cde1-f082-4d70-8e90-f361b774270b","modelName":"Apis Cor Mobile Printer","slug":"apis-cor-mobile-printer","description":"Apis Cor's mobile construction 3D printer, paired with an automated mix-and-supply unit, prints building walls on site; it produced the largest 3D-printed building, a two-story structure in Dubai.","formFactor":"construction","industryVertical":"construction","environment":"outdoor","maturityStage":null,"lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"class":"mobile construction 3D printer","paired":"automated mix-and-supply unit"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.apis-cor.com/technologies","sourceName":"Apis Cor"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Class","value":"mobile construction 3D printer"},{"label":"Paired equipment","value":"automated mix-and-supply unit"},{"label":"Notable achievement","value":"produced the largest 3D-printed building, a two-story structure in Dubai"}],"createdAt":"2026-06-24T05:53:07.862Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T04:24:55.379Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"3407cde1-f082-4d70-8e90-f361b774270b","name":"Apis Cor","slug":"apis-cor","description":"Apis Cor is a construction 3D printing company developing autonomous concrete extrusion robots for building construction, capable of printing entire structures on-site.","status":"active","founded":null,"hq":"St Petersburg, Russia","fundingTotal":null,"type":"hardware","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.apis-cor.com/technologies","title":"Apis Cor construction 3D printing","date_accessed":"2026-06-23"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Focus","value":"Construction 3D printing"},{"label":"Robot","value":"Mobile construction 3D printer and automated material-mixing unit"},{"label":"Scale","value":"Printed the largest 3D-printed building, a two-story government building in Dubai"},{"label":"Stage","value":"Private company"},{"label":"CEO","value":"Anna Cheniuntai"},{"label":"Product","value":"Autonomous 3D concrete printing robot"},{"label":"Investor","value":"D.R. 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AES reported the robots exceeded a rate of one module per minute, described as the first at-scale robotic solar panel installation. 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Buzz AD on Uber platform in Los Angeles by late 2026"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-11T15:12:48.271Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:06:42.599Z"}},{"id":"bf7d9989-60cf-4e73-af3d-62a1456804dd","modelId":"08be6451-6a97-4e86-b338-780f057fc8f4","versionId":null,"locationId":"e2b73719-93ef-4348-b643-17acd093d571","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"yunji-run-jinjiang-group","status":"scaled","firstSeen":"2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3549330186973313","label":"Yunji Technology hotel-robot market position","title":"Yunji Technology hotel-robot market position","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"36Kr","publishedAt":"2025-01-01"}],"notes":"Jinjiang, one of China's largest hotel groups, is among the named groups in Yunji Technology's documented 34,000-plus-hotel deployment relationship. Recorded at China region level as a group-wide fleet partnership; per-property counts are not disclosed.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"Jinjiang (hotel group)"},{"label":"Scope","value":"Group-wide fleet; per-property counts undisclosed"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:15:16.705Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"08be6451-6a97-4e86-b338-780f057fc8f4","companyId":"4bf7bf42-2850-4538-af56-84ebabbccac9","modelName":"RUN","slug":"yunji-technology-run","description":"Yunji Technology RUN is an autonomous indoor service robot from Beijing Yunji Technology designed for hotel and hospitality environments, primarily performing last-metre delivery of guest amenities and small items to rooms. 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Recorded at China region level as a group-wide fleet partnership; per-property counts are not disclosed.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"Huazhu Group (Hanting)"},{"label":"Scope","value":"Group-wide fleet; per-property counts undisclosed"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:15:15.513Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"08be6451-6a97-4e86-b338-780f057fc8f4","companyId":"4bf7bf42-2850-4538-af56-84ebabbccac9","modelName":"RUN","slug":"yunji-technology-run","description":"Yunji Technology RUN is an autonomous indoor service robot from Beijing Yunji Technology designed for hotel and hospitality environments, primarily performing last-metre delivery of guest amenities and small items to rooms. The robot uses SLAM navigation, can autonomously call and board elevators, and returns to its dock for self-recharging without staff intervention. Yunji Technology is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.","formFactor":"service","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":null,"lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"floors_served":"multi","deployment_sectors":"4"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.yunji.ai/en/hospitality-hotel-service-robot.html","label":"Hospitality Robots In The Hotel Industry | Yunji Technology","title":"Hospitality Robots In The Hotel Industry | Yunji Technology","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://www.robotseuropa.com/Yunji-RUN-Hotel-Delivery-Robot-RUN.htm","label":"Yunji RUN Hotel Delivery Robot | Robots Europa","title":"Yunji RUN Hotel Delivery Robot | Robots Europa","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://www.yunjichina.com.cn/","title":"Yunji Technology | Service Robots","retrievedAt":"2026-06-27T12:00:00Z"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Form factor","value":"service"},{"label":"Autonomy level","value":"Autonomous"},{"label":"Floors served","value":"multi"},{"label":"Deployment sectors","value":"4"}],"createdAt":"2026-06-27T21:36:21.225Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-28T16:51:10.693Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"4bf7bf42-2850-4538-af56-84ebabbccac9","name":"Yunji Technology","slug":"yunji-technology","description":"Yunji Technology is a Chinese service robotics company developing hotel service robots for room delivery and hospitality applications.","status":"active","founded":2014,"hq":"Shanghai, China","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.yunji.ai/","title":"Yunji Technology","date_accessed":"2026-06-27"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Robot","value":"RUN hotel delivery and reception robot"},{"label":"Focus","value":"Commercial service robots and hotel digital operation systems"},{"label":"Stage","value":"Listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange"},{"label":"CEO","value":"Tao Zhi"},{"label":"Co-founder","value":"Hu Quan"},{"label":"Investors","value":"Tencent, Alibaba, Lenovo"},{"label":"Patents","value":"nearly 1,000"},{"label":"IPO","value":"Hong Kong (filed March 2025)"}],"aliases":["Beijing Yunji Technology","Yunji","Keenon competitor RUN robot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-27T12:15:40.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:11:50.045Z"}},"location":{"id":"e2b73719-93ef-4348-b643-17acd093d571","name":"China","slug":"china","kind":"country","parentLocationId":null,"region":null,"lat":35.8617,"lng":104.1954,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":["CN","PRC"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-05-31T12:24:07.294Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-02T22:50:37.578Z"},"operator":null},{"id":"5fbd9e09-4b3d-40d6-914f-4d351d4cb8a5","modelId":"08be6451-6a97-4e86-b338-780f057fc8f4","versionId":null,"locationId":"a5a0cdca-2b74-4bae-be1c-454ddeaa41d5","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"yunji-run-huoshenshan-wuhan","status":"ended","firstSeen":"2020-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":"2020-04-15T00:00:00.000Z","unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202003/21/WS5e75d9f6a310128217280f3e_5.html","label":"Robots help fight the epidemic","title":"Robots help fight the epidemic","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"China Daily","publishedAt":"2020-03-21"}],"notes":"Yunji Technology donated delivery robots to Huoshenshan Hospital, the temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, in early 2020, where they handled contactless logistics such as supplies and food. The deployment ended when the emergency hospital was decommissioned. Note this used Yunji's delivery-logistics unit rather than the hotel Run robot.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Setting","value":"Emergency COVID-19 hospital (donated units)"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:15:13.170Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"08be6451-6a97-4e86-b338-780f057fc8f4","companyId":"4bf7bf42-2850-4538-af56-84ebabbccac9","modelName":"RUN","slug":"yunji-technology-run","description":"Yunji Technology RUN is an autonomous indoor service robot from Beijing Yunji Technology designed for hotel and hospitality environments, primarily performing last-metre delivery of guest amenities and small items to rooms. The robot uses SLAM navigation, can autonomously call and board elevators, and returns to its dock for self-recharging without staff intervention. Yunji Technology is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.","formFactor":"service","industryVertical":null,"environment":null,"maturityStage":null,"lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"floors_served":"multi","deployment_sectors":"4"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.yunji.ai/en/hospitality-hotel-service-robot.html","label":"Hospitality Robots In The Hotel Industry | Yunji Technology","title":"Hospitality Robots In The Hotel Industry | Yunji Technology","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://www.robotseuropa.com/Yunji-RUN-Hotel-Delivery-Robot-RUN.htm","label":"Yunji RUN Hotel Delivery Robot | Robots Europa","title":"Yunji RUN Hotel Delivery Robot | Robots Europa","mediaType":"article"},{"url":"https://www.yunjichina.com.cn/","title":"Yunji Technology | Service Robots","retrievedAt":"2026-06-27T12:00:00Z"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Form factor","value":"service"},{"label":"Autonomy level","value":"Autonomous"},{"label":"Floors served","value":"multi"},{"label":"Deployment sectors","value":"4"}],"createdAt":"2026-06-27T21:36:21.225Z","updatedAt":"2026-06-28T16:51:10.693Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"4bf7bf42-2850-4538-af56-84ebabbccac9","name":"Yunji Technology","slug":"yunji-technology","description":"Yunji Technology is a Chinese service robotics company developing hotel service robots for room delivery and hospitality applications.","status":"active","founded":2014,"hq":"Shanghai, China","fundingTotal":null,"type":"both","reviewStatus":"reviewed","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByCompanyId":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.yunji.ai/","title":"Yunji Technology","date_accessed":"2026-06-27"}],"keyFacts":[{"label":"Robot","value":"RUN hotel delivery and reception robot"},{"label":"Focus","value":"Commercial service robots and hotel digital operation systems"},{"label":"Stage","value":"Listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange"},{"label":"CEO","value":"Tao Zhi"},{"label":"Co-founder","value":"Hu Quan"},{"label":"Investors","value":"Tencent, Alibaba, Lenovo"},{"label":"Patents","value":"nearly 1,000"},{"label":"IPO","value":"Hong Kong (filed March 2025)"}],"aliases":["Beijing Yunji Technology","Yunji","Keenon competitor RUN robot"],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"atsProvider":null,"atsSlug":null,"factoryLocations":null,"manufacturingCapacity":null,"orgType":null,"burnSignal":null,"litigationEvents":null,"insurancePostureDisclosed":null,"unitEconomicsDisclosed":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-27T12:15:40.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-07T21:11:50.045Z"}},"location":{"id":"a5a0cdca-2b74-4bae-be1c-454ddeaa41d5","name":"Wuhan, China","slug":"wuhan-china","kind":"city","parentLocationId":"e2b73719-93ef-4348-b643-17acd093d571","region":null,"lat":null,"lng":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-06-07T23:16:21.142Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-10T01:02:28.439Z"},"operator":null},{"id":"ec25458f-c8eb-4e17-ad76-c68ac6911e41","modelId":"a33f007d-e9e9-4f85-ad55-8ac20842255d","versionId":null,"locationId":"2063fc4f-12a6-4062-8fba-c3c7dd50c1c9","operatorId":null,"ownerId":null,"slug":"deere-autonomous-tractor-dejong-wisconsin","status":"operational","firstSeen":"2025-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","statusChangeReason":null,"contractType":null,"pilotOutcome":null,"endedAt":null,"unitsOnSite":null,"tasksPerformed":null,"shiftStructure":null,"hoursPerDay":null,"siteType":null,"operatorConfirmed":null,"humanSupervisionOnsite":null,"locationPrecisionTier":null,"deploymentScale":null,"siteEnvironment":null,"operatorType":null,"sourceQualityTier":null,"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.wsaw.com/2025/04/16/evolution-agricultural-technology-through-autonomous-tractors/","label":"The evolution of agricultural technology through autonomous tractors","title":"The evolution of agricultural technology through autonomous tractors","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"WSAW NewsChannel 7","publishedAt":"2025-04-16"}],"notes":"DeJong Farms near Mosinee, Wisconsin (Marathon County) operates a John Deere factory-autonomy tractor, described as the first driverless tractor owner in Wisconsin and one of roughly 20 US owners of model-year-2025 autonomy-equipped 8R/9R Deere tractors at the time. The owner recounted the machine completing tillage and parking itself while the crew was at lunch.","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"Michael DeJong (DeJong Farms)"},{"label":"Machine","value":"John Deere factory-autonomy tractor"}],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:15:12.380Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"a33f007d-e9e9-4f85-ad55-8ac20842255d","companyId":"c6fa1c93-2675-490a-9dac-4bbe951a16cf","modelName":"John Deere autonomous tractor + See & Spray","slug":"deere-autonomous-tractor","description":"John Deere (Deere & Company; Moline, Illinois; NYSE:DE; founded 1837) runs one of the most advanced autonomous-agriculture programs among the major equipment makers. Its most mature robotics product is See & Spray, a computer-vision targeted-herbicide system descended from Blue River Technology (acquired in 2017 for about $305 million), which covered roughly 5 million acres in 2025 at around a 50 percent average herbicide reduction. Deere's Autonomous 8R tractor, revealed at CES 2022, operates commercially but only for tillage, and its perception stack draws on Bear Flag Robotics (acquired in August 2021 for $250 million). At CES 2025 Deere revealed a second generation of autonomy: the Autonomous 9RX large tractor, a 5ML orchard tractor, a 460 P-Tier articulated dump truck, and a battery-electric mower, though Deere published no firm ship dates, so these are treated as early or limited rollout, with the dump truck in pilot trials and the mower pre-commercial. Deere's stated goal is to deliver a fully autonomous corn and soybean production system by 2030, a demonstration and availability target rather than a fleet-scale deployment promise. The frequently cited figure of 1 to 2 million autonomous machines could not be verified and appears to conflate a separate connected-machines connectivity goal, so it is not asserted here.","formFactor":"agriculture","industryVertical":"agriculture","environment":"outdoor","maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"active","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"crop":"corn and soybean","notes":[{"label":"Verified (commercial)","value":"See & Spray (Select/Ultimate; vision-targeted herbicide, Blue River Technology lineage acquired 2017 for $305M) is Deere's most mature ag-robotics product: ~5 million acres covered in 2025 (~50% average herbicide reduction). The Autonomous 8R (revealed CES 2022) operates commercially for TILLAGE only. Bear Flag Robotics (autonomy retrofit) acquired Aug 2021 for $250M underpins the perception stack."},{"label":"Early/limited commercial","value":"The CES 2025 second-gen machines (Autonomous 9RX large tractor, 5ML orchard tractor) moved toward orderable/retrofit status but Deere published no firm ship dates; treat as early/limited rollout. The 460 P-Tier autonomous dump truck is in PILOT/trials; the battery-electric mower is newly launching/pre-commercial."},{"label":"Verified-vs-claimed","value":"Deere's stated goal is a fully autonomous corn/soybean production SYSTEM by 2030 (a demonstration/availability target, not fleet-scale deployment). The often-cited '1-2 million autonomous machines' figure could NOT be verified and appears to conflate a separate ~1.5M connected-machines-by-2026 connectivity goal; NOT asserted here. 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It never scaled to a permanent commercial rollout and wound down with Nuro's September 2024 pivot to licensing. The pilot did not convert.","keyFacts":[],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:00:39.934Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"c92b6850-a94e-4a13-997f-54967796f85d","companyId":"24cc7835-a940-4663-a48b-803f6e546dea","modelName":"Nuro Autonomous Prius","slug":"nuro-prius","description":"Nuro's first-generation autonomous vehicle: a retrofitted Toyota Prius used for early on-road testing and the December 2021 Mountain View supervised delivery pilot (7-Eleven; first autonomous delivery service in California). 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Operations ended in the October 26, 2023 nationwide pause, the day after a late-October expansion, and did not resume. The pilot did not convert.","keyFacts":[],"reviewNote":null,"exposureHours":null,"deploymentMilesEstimate":null,"exposureBasis":null,"customerSegment":null,"scaleTier":null,"contractValueUsd":null,"contractValueBasis":null,"customerCompanyId":null,"customerExternalName":null,"createdAt":"2026-07-09T20:00:35.341Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:29:58.911Z","model":{"id":"dfa7309e-7258-4202-8902-3b6abf10533c","companyId":"ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a","modelName":"Cruise AV (Chevrolet Bolt)","slug":"cruise-av","description":"Cruise's driverless robotaxi, based on the Chevrolet Bolt EV, which operated without a human safety driver in San Francisco commercial service from 2023 until driverless operations ended after the October 2, 2023 pedestrian-dragging incident. (Cruise also developed the purpose-built, steering-wheel-free Origin, which was shelved.) In December 2024 GM defunded the Cruise robotaxi business, consolidated the unit in-house, and redirected the autonomous technology toward personal-vehicle advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) rather than robotaxis (GM SEC 8-K, December 2024). Classified research to reflect that current direction; the commercial-era San Francisco deployment records preserve the historical service state.","formFactor":"av","industryVertical":"passenger_transport","environment":"road","maturityStage":"commercial","lifecycleState":"discontinued","supersededByModelId":null,"specs":{"autonomy_level":"driverless (no human safety driver)"},"manufacturerSerial":null,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/nhtsa-robotaxi-cruise-pay-penalty-failing-report-san-francisco-crash-involving-pedestrian/","label":"CBS — Chevrolet Bolt autonomous EV dragged pedestrian ~20 feet at ~7 mph","title":"CBS — Chevrolet Bolt autonomous EV dragged pedestrian ~20 feet at ~7 mph","mediaType":"article","sourceName":"CBS News","publishedAt":"2024-11-12"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/10/gm-halts-funding-of-robotaxi-development-by-cruise.html","title":"GM exits robotaxi market; halts funding of Cruise robotaxi development, folds unit in-house (Dec 10, 2024)","sourceName":"CNBC"},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1467858/000119312524274336/d917047dex991.htm","title":"General Motors (SEC 8-K exhibit) - realigning autonomous strategy; ending Cruise robotaxi development (Dec 2024)","sourceName":"SEC EDGAR (GM 8-K)"}],"aliases":[],"collisionRisk":"low","reviewNote":null,"manufacturerTermForTeleop":null,"keyFacts":[{"label":"Form factor","value":"av"},{"label":"Base vehicle","value":"Chevrolet Bolt EV"},{"label":"Autonomy level","value":"driverless (no human safety driver)"},{"label":"Operating location","value":"San Francisco"},{"label":"Service period","value":"2023 until October 2, 2023"}],"createdAt":"2026-05-26T12:58:37.573Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T04:24:54.914Z","unitsInFieldClaimed":null,"unitsInFieldVerified":null,"unitsManufacturedClaimed":null,"unitsManufacturedVerified":null,"unitsAsOf":null,"unitsSource":null,"salesModel":null,"priceUndisclosedSince":null,"autonomyClass":null,"autonomyStatement":null,"autonomyStatementSource":null,"demoForensics":null,"exportControlClass":null,"minCommitment":null,"warrantyTerms":null,"serviceModel":null,"productionRateClaimed":null,"productionRateEvidenced":null,"teleopRatioDisclosed":null,"interventionRateDisclosed":null,"company":{"id":"ce8ff680-3fe7-4398-b31b-f85dc3073f3a","name":"Cruise","slug":"cruise","description":"Autonomous vehicle company founded 2013, acquired by General Motors in 2016; operated as a largely autonomous GM subsidiary building driverless robotaxis. 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