{"id":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","slug":"xai-colossus-memphis","name":"xAI Colossus (Memphis)","aliases":["Colossus","Colossus 1","Colossus 2","xAI Memphis supercluster"],"locationId":"1ffe2451-a057-475c-a4a9-f6ef8b9015a9","lat":35.0601,"lng":-90.1522,"locationPrecision":"exact","landStatus":"former_industrial","lifecycleState":"partially_energized","powerSourceMix":"behind_the_meter_gas","interconnectionQueueStatus":"Grid connected in stages: the TVA board approved 150 MW on 7 November 2024, requested through Memphis Light, Gas and Water, which was upgrading the site to 50 MW in the meantime. xAI committed $24 million to build a new substation for the additional load, recovered by MLGW through monthly rebates before it takes ownership. Fourteen mobile Voltagrid generators of 2.5 MW each, about 35 MW in total, covered the gap.","interconnectionQueueId":null,"expectedEnergizationDate":null,"dedicatedSubstation":null,"gridOperator":null,"waterSourceNotes":"Cooled with treated wastewater (about 3 million gallons/day) piped from the purpose-built Colossus Water Recycling Plant, avoiding an equivalent draw on Memphis drinking water; on-site power is from methane gas turbines.","servingUtility":null,"acreage":null,"totalBuildingSqft":null,"streetAddress":null,"notes":"xAI's Colossus AI training campus in the Whitehaven area of Memphis, Tennessee (Colossus 1 at 3231 Riverport Rd; Colossus 2 at 5420 Tulane Rd), with associated on-site gas generation. Elon Musk announced a 2 GW total-capacity target in January 2026 (555,000 Nvidia GPUs, ~$18B). As of mid-2026 the combined sites provided on the order of 1 GW of operating AI-compute capacity, powered largely behind the meter by on-site gas turbines supplied by Solaris Energy Infrastructure (about 400 MW serving xAI, with Solaris expecting over 1.1 GW operating for xAI by Q2 2027).","keyFacts":[{"label":"Operator","value":"xAI"},{"label":"Primary workload","value":"Grok training and inference"},{"label":"Announced capacity","value":"2 GW target across the Memphis-area complex"},{"label":"Cooling","value":"Treated wastewater, about 3M gallons/day from the Colossus recycling plant"},{"label":"On-site power (reported)","value":"Gas turbines; about 1.1 GW under construction"},{"label":"Buildout cost (reported)","value":"About $18B"},{"label":"First cluster","value":"September 2024; 100k GPUs live in 122 days"},{"label":"GPU count (sources differ)","value":"Musk: about 230k (H100, H200, GB200); company page: 220k+"}],"reviewStatus":"reviewed","sources":[{"url":"https://introl.com/blog/xai-colossus-2-gigawatt-expansion-555k-gpus-january-2026","title":"xAI Colossus Hits 2 GW: 555,000 GPUs, $18B","sourceName":"Introl"},{"url":"https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/xais-colossus-2-first-gigawatt-datacenter","title":"xAI's Colossus 2: First Gigawatt Datacenter","sourceName":"SemiAnalysis"},{"url":"https://www.governing.com/resilience/wastewater-will-cool-this-memphis-data-center","title":"Wastewater Will Cool This Memphis Data Center","sourceName":"Governing"},{"url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/xai-colossus-memphis-power-tva/","title":"Fury from campaigners as Elon Musk's xAI gets 150MW for Colossus supercomputer in Memphis","sourceName":"Data Center Dynamics"},{"url":"https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/xai-colossus-memphis-power-tva/","title":"Fury from campaigners as Elon Musk's xAI gets 150MW for Colossus supercomputer in Memphis","sourceName":"SDxCentral"},{"url":"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/2103329761690865846","title":"Elon Musk: Colossus 1/2 GPU inventory and Q4 GB300 ramp","sourceName":"X (@elonmusk)","publishedAt":"2026-09-24"},{"url":"https://x.com/SawyerMerritt/status/2103332409789776197","title":"Sawyer Merritt: amplifying Musk Colossus inventory post","sourceName":"X (@SawyerMerritt)","publishedAt":"2026-09-24"},{"url":"https://www.spacex.com/assets/sites-pages/assets/Memphis-Local-Impact-Report.pdf","title":"Memphis Local Impact Report (SpaceX Mid-South)","sourceName":"SpaceX (official PDF)","publishedAt":"2026-09-25"},{"url":"https://www.spacex.com/assets/sites-pages/assets/Southaven-Local-Impact-Report-web.pdf","title":"Southaven Local Impact Report (SpaceX Mid-South)","sourceName":"SpaceX (official PDF)","publishedAt":"2026-09-25"},{"url":"https://www.spacex.com/Mid-South","title":"GPUs 220k+ (Mid-South company-stated Sep 2026)","sourceName":"spacex.com"}],"reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:25.186Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T00:03:45.050Z","location":{"id":"1ffe2451-a057-475c-a4a9-f6ef8b9015a9","name":"Memphis","slug":"memphis-tennessee","kind":"city","parentLocationId":"bf4be660-c16f-4e4a-90a5-13a4bacb0e82","region":"Tennessee","lat":35.05,"lng":-90.03,"reviewStatus":"reviewed","aliases":["Memphis, Tennessee, USA"],"collisionRisk":"high","reviewNote":null,"createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:24.805Z","updatedAt":"2026-11-02T18:32:15.604Z"},"parties":[{"id":"60a53931-d570-4746-8d55-199bde30523a","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","companyId":null,"externalName":"Solaris Energy Infrastructure","role":"utility","structureNotes":"On-site gas turbine fleet powering the campus behind the meter.","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:30.052Z","company":null},{"id":"34dc8fe9-154b-4a7e-a3bb-f3823f5e180a","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","companyId":"a9609061-00fd-4d9b-9b2d-ce2d772ab825","externalName":"Nvidia","role":"chip_supplier","structureNotes":"555,000 Nvidia GPUs at full 2 GW.","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:29.293Z","company":{"id":"a9609061-00fd-4d9b-9b2d-ce2d772ab825","name":"NVIDIA","slug":"nvidia"}},{"id":"e33f5e8e-6f4c-494d-90ec-5f2767eb91c4","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","companyId":"d7bc30aa-e892-42f7-a58a-e172534fec48","externalName":"xAI","role":"developer","structureNotes":"Owner and operator.","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:28.532Z","company":{"id":"d7bc30aa-e892-42f7-a58a-e172534fec48","name":"xAI","slug":"xai"}}],"capacityClaims":[{"id":"60e1bcca-863d-43f2-87b0-96329ae0b22d","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","series":"announced","valueGw":2,"asOf":"2026-01-15T12:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://www.techzine.eu/news/infrastructure/137578/xai-expands-colossus-megadata-center-to-2-gigawatts/","sourceType":"press_release","evidenceTier":"claimed","supersedesId":null,"note":"Musk's announced 2 GW total-capacity target.","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:25.915Z"},{"id":"baf1e855-3460-4871-844b-062e7fa81f91","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","series":"energized","valueGw":1,"asOf":"2026-06-30T12:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://introl.com/blog/xai-colossus-2-gigawatt-expansion-555k-gpus-january-2026","sourceType":"journalist_report","evidenceTier":"reported","supersedesId":null,"note":"On the order of 1 GW of AI compute operating across the combined sites, mid-2026.","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:26.833Z"}],"financialClaims":[{"id":"21a11991-e1a7-4a70-92a4-7185f72109cb","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","kind":"capex","label":"Reported buildout cost","valueUsd":"18000000000","capUsd":null,"conditions":null,"asOf":"2026-01-15T12:00:00.000Z","sourceUrl":"https://introl.com/blog/xai-colossus-2-gigawatt-expansion-555k-gpus-january-2026","sourceType":"journalist_report","evidenceTier":"reported","createdAt":"2026-08-17T17:02:27.763Z"}],"metricClaims":[{"id":"5c64ea7b-7f99-4269-9f6b-2f770d56b06e","dataCenterId":"c174e6dd-1a31-4984-be75-5ca3adf7aafa","metricType":"gpu_count","valueNumeric":200000,"valueText":"200,000 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